Design Thinking: Ideate Process

Generate, develop, and evaluate innovative solutions

Introduction to the Ideate Phase

The Ideate phase is the third stage of the design thinking process, where teams leverage insights gathered during the Empathize and Define phases to generate a wide range of creative ideas. This is where innovation truly begins to take shape, as you move from understanding problems to exploring potential solutions.

Effective ideation requires both divergent thinking (generating many possibilities) and convergent thinking (selecting the most promising ideas). The process is designed to encourage creative exploration while providing structured methods to evaluate and refine ideas.

Why the Ideate Phase Matters:

  • Breaks free from obvious solutions to discover innovative approaches
  • Leverages collective creativity through collaborative exploration
  • Pushes beyond initial ideas to find unexpected connections
  • Creates a broad solution space before narrowing to specific concepts
  • Establishes clear criteria for evaluating which ideas to pursue

The Ideate Process Flow

The Ideate phase consists of four key stages that guide teams from open exploration to focused execution:

Setting the Stage
Divergence
Convergence
Document

Setting the Stage

  • Ensure a non-judgmental atmosphere that encourages open communication
  • Promote diversity in perspectives and expertise
  • Emphasize the importance of dialogues over discussions

Divergence

  • Use various methods for divergence like SCAMPER, Brainstorming, Analogical Thinking, etc.
  • Use language like 'yes, and...'

Convergence

  • Establish Evaluation Criteria (i.e. innovation, feasibility, impact, etc.)
  • Use methods like dot voting, affinity diagrams, SWOT analysis to evaluate ideas
  • Apply a feasibility and impact matrix to assess ideas critically

Document

  • Clearly document the rationale behind each idea
  • Outline the next steps for prototyping and testing the idea
  • Assign roles & responsibilities to team members for moving forward

Best Practices for Facilitating Ideation

Successful ideation sessions require thoughtful facilitation to create an environment where creativity can flourish. Here are key practices for each stage of the ideation process:

Setting the Stage

Encourage Sharing

Create an environment where all participants feel comfortable contributing ideas without fear of criticism.

Setting the Stage

Build Rapport

Use warm-up activities to help team members connect and establish trust before diving into the creative process.

Setting the Stage

Establish Ground Rules

Set clear guidelines for participation that promote respectful interaction and equal contribution from all team members.

Setting the Stage

Clarify Objectives

Ensure everyone understands the problem statement and goals of the ideation session before generating solutions.

Divergence

Suspend Judgment

Postpone evaluation of ideas during the divergent phase to allow for free expression of creative concepts.

Divergence

Encourage Wild Ideas

Promote unconventional thinking by explicitly inviting participants to suggest bold, unusual, or seemingly impractical solutions.

Divergence

Build on Others' Ideas

Foster a collaborative atmosphere where participants actively develop and expand upon suggestions from their teammates.

Divergence

Keep the Energy Up

Maintain momentum with timed exercises, varied activities, and enthusiasm to prevent creative fatigue during longer sessions.

Convergence

Structured Critique

Implement organized methods for evaluating ideas that focus on constructive feedback rather than negative criticism.

Convergence

Promote Understanding

Ensure that all ideas are fully explained and understood by the team before evaluation begins.

Convergence

Facilitate Fair Participation

Use techniques that give every team member an equal voice in the selection process, preventing domination by the loudest or most senior participants.

Convergence

Decision-Making Dialogue

Guide discussions that help the team reach consensus on which ideas to pursue further, balancing diverse perspectives and priorities.

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Summarize and Reflect

Capture the essence of selected ideas and the thinking process that led to their selection, preserving the context for future reference.

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Clarify Decisions

Articulate what makes the chosen ideas valuable and how they address the original problem statement.

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Assign Responsibilities

Define clear ownership for next steps, ensuring accountability for developing selected ideas into testable prototypes.

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Plan for Communication

Develop strategies for sharing the selected ideas with stakeholders, addressing potential questions and concerns proactively.

Tools for Divergent Thinking

Divergent thinking tools help generate a wide range of creative ideas by encouraging teams to explore multiple possibilities without judgment. Here are some of the most effective techniques:

Problem Reframing
Re-examine the problem from different angles to discover new insights and approaches
Random Stimuli
Introduce unrelated concepts to spark unexpected connections and novel ideas
Analogical Thinking
Apply solutions from other domains or industries to your current challenge
Reverse Thinking
Consider the opposite of conventional approaches to generate counterintuitive solutions
Provocation Technique
Use deliberate provocations to challenge assumptions and stimulate creative thinking
Mind Mapping
Create visual diagrams to explore connections between ideas and concepts
Brainwriting
Silent idea generation where participants write ideas independently before sharing
SCAMPER
Use a checklist of prompts to transform existing ideas into new solutions
Idea Mash-up
Combine different ideas to create hybrid solutions with unique characteristics
Storytelling
Create narratives that explore how users might interact with potential solutions

When To Use What Tool during Divergent Thinking

Identify the Primary Objective: What is the main goal of the ideation session?
Need to Explore Problems in New Ways?
Yes

1. Desire to Rethink Existing Assumptions - Use Problem Reframing

2. Seeking Unexpected Ideas - Use Random Stimuli

No
Continue to next question
Looking for New Perspectives or Analogies?
Yes

1. Finding New Solutions by Comparing Different Realms - Use Analogical Thinking

2. Challenging Current Perspectives Directly - Use Reverse Thinking

No
Continue to next question
Need to Generate Ideas Rapidly?
Yes

1. Individual Contribution Preferred - Use Brainwriting

2. Group Interaction Required - Use Mind Mapping

No
Continue to next question
Seeking Creative Combinations or Modifications?
Yes

1. Modify Existing Ideas - Use SCAMPER

2. Combine Ideas from Various Sources - Use Idea Mash-up

No
Continue to next question
Need to Engage or Tell a Story?
Yes

1. Engaging Audience Through Narrative - Use Storytelling

2. Provoking Thought Through Hypotheticals - Use Provocation Technique

No
Default to standard brainstorming techniques

The SCAMPER Model

SCAMPER is a structured brainstorming technique that uses a set of directed questions to help you generate new ideas by modifying existing ones. The acronym stands for:

S
C
A
M
P
E
R
Substitute
Combine
Adapt
Modify
Put
Eliminate
Reverse
Consider replacing part of the product or process with something else.
Example: Replace in-person training for employees with interactive online training modules
Combine two or more parts of your product or service to achieve a different product or service.
Example: Combine a camera with a mobile phone
Modify the product or service to suit a different purpose or situation.
Example: Adapt yoga techniques for seated office workers
Change the color, motion, sound, smell, form, shape, or other attributes.
Example: Modify a car's exhaust system to increase fuel efficiency
Put your product to another use, as originally not intended.
Example: Use coffee grounds as a natural fertilizer
Remove elements that are not adding value.
Example: Eliminate redundant steps in a software installation process
What if you tried to do the exact opposite of what you're trying to do now?
Example: Reverse the order of a multi-step process to see if results improve

Tools for Convergent Thinking

Convergent thinking tools help evaluate, select, and refine the most promising ideas generated during the divergent phase. These techniques facilitate structured decision-making based on established criteria:

Dot Voting
A democratic method for quickly identifying the most popular ideas among a group
Affinity Diagrams
Organize ideas into natural groupings to identify patterns and themes
SWOT Analysis
Evaluate ideas based on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
Feasibility and Impact Matrix
Plot ideas on a grid to visualize their potential impact versus implementation difficulty
Decision Matrix
Score ideas against multiple weighted criteria to determine the best options
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Weigh the financial and resource costs against potential benefits for each idea
Six Thinking Hats
Examine ideas from multiple perspectives to gain a comprehensive understanding
Nominal Group Technique
Structured method combining individual ranking with group discussion to reach consensus
Diffusion of Innovations
Assess how readily an idea might be adopted by different user segments
Forcefield Analysis
Identify driving and restraining forces that could affect implementation success

When To Use What Tool for Convergent Thinking

Define the Primary Need: What is the main objective?
Prioritization Needed?
Yes

Number of Participants:

Few - Use Dot Voting

Many - Use Nominal Group Technique

No
Continue to next question
Understanding Impact and Feasibility?
Yes

Complexity of Ideas:

High - Use SWOT Analysis

Low - Use Feasibility and Impact Matrix

No
Continue to next question
Need to Evaluate Costs and Benefits?
Yes
Use Cost-Benefit Analysis
No
Continue to next question
Exploring Strategic Fit and External Factors?
Yes
Use SWOT Analysis
No
Continue to next question
Exploring Adoption and Resistance?
Yes

Internal Factors - Use Forcefield Analysis

External Market Factors - Use Diffusion of Innovations

No
Continue to next question
Need to Make a Decision Based on Multiple Criteria?
Yes
Use Decision Matrix
No
Continue to next question
Need to Explore Diverse Perspectives or Overcome Bias?
Yes
Use Six Thinking Hats

Establishing Evaluation Criteria

To effectively narrow down ideas, it's essential to establish clear evaluation criteria. These criteria should reflect your project goals and user needs, providing a balanced framework for assessing potential solutions:

Feasibility

How easily can this idea be implemented given the current resources, capabilities, and technological constraints?

Do we have the technology and skills required to implement this?

Can we afford the cost of development and deployment?

How complex is the idea to execute?

Viability

Will the idea generate a sustainable return on investment? Is it economically viable in the long term?

Can the idea generate enough revenue or reduce enough costs to justify the investment?

Is there a business model that can sustain this idea?

How does this idea fit with the overall business strategy?

Desirability

Does the idea meet user needs and insights derived from the Empathize phase? Is it something that customers will want?

Does this solve a real problem for our users?

How strongly do potential users feel the need that this idea addresses?

Will this idea enhance the user experience?

Impact

What is the potential impact of this idea on the market, the users, and the business?

How will this idea change the way users interact with our product or service?

What long-term effects could this have on our business?

What social, environmental, or cultural impacts does this idea have?

Scalability

Can the idea be scaled to meet the needs of a growing number of users or markets without a corresponding increase in costs?

Can this idea be easily expanded or adapted as demand increases?

Are there technological or logistical barriers to scaling up?

How adaptable is the idea to different markets or user groups?

Differentiability/Uniqueness

How does the idea stand out from existing solutions? Is it unique enough to provide a competitive advantage?

What makes this idea better or different from what's currently available?

Is there a unique selling proposition (USP)?

Could this idea be easily replicated by competitors?

Adaptability

How flexibly can the idea be adjusted or extended to accommodate future changes?

How easily can this idea be adjusted or expanded in the future?

Does the idea allow for integration with other technologies or platforms?

Can it be adapted to different markets or user demographics without significant changes?

Sustainability

What are the long-term environmental, social, and economic impacts of the idea?

What are the environmental impacts of implementing and maintaining this idea?

Does the idea promote social welfare or have potential negative effects on certain groups?

Is the idea economically sustainable over the long term? Does it rely on resources or processes that are finite or potentially harmful?

Ideation Workshop Activity

Structured Ideation Session

Objective: Generate and evaluate innovative solutions to a defined problem using both divergent and convergent thinking techniques.

Time Required: 90-120 minutes

Materials: Sticky notes, markers, whiteboard or digital collaboration tool, timer

Set the stage (10 minutes)

Begin by reviewing the problem statement and key insights from the Define phase. Establish ground rules that encourage open communication and suspend judgment during divergent thinking.

Warm-up exercise (5 minutes)

Conduct a quick creative exercise to get participants thinking outside the box. For example, ask everyone to list unusual uses for a common object.

Individual brainwriting (15 minutes)

Have participants silently write down as many ideas as possible on sticky notes (one idea per note). Encourage quantity over quality at this stage.

SCAMPER session (20 minutes)

Use the SCAMPER technique to build on existing ideas. Spend about 3 minutes on each letter of the acronym, encouraging participants to transform their initial ideas.

Group and categorize (10 minutes)

Have the team organize all ideas into natural groupings or themes using an affinity diagram approach.

Establish evaluation criteria (10 minutes)

As a group, define 3-5 key criteria for evaluating ideas, such as feasibility, impact, desirability, etc. Make sure everyone understands and agrees on these criteria.

Dot voting (10 minutes)

Give each participant a set number of votes (e.g., 5 dots) to place on the ideas they find most promising based on the established criteria.

Impact/Feasibility assessment (15 minutes)

Take the top-voted ideas and plot them on an Impact/Feasibility matrix to visualize which ideas offer the best balance of potential impact and implementation feasibility.

Refine and document (15 minutes)

For the highest-ranking ideas, further develop the concepts by adding details, addressing potential challenges, and documenting the core value proposition.

Next steps and assignments (10 minutes)

Define clear next steps for prototyping the selected ideas, assigning specific responsibilities to team members and establishing timelines.

Tips for Successful Ideation Sessions:

  • Keep teams diverse to maximize the range of perspectives and ideas
  • Create a physical environment that stimulates creativity with plenty of visual stimuli
  • Take breaks between activities to maintain energy and allow for incubation of ideas
  • Document everything, even ideas that aren't selected might become valuable later
  • Balance structure with flexibilityβ€”follow the process but allow for organic exploration
  • Consider including people from outside the core team to bring fresh perspectives
  • Use time constraints strategically to maintain focus and push beyond obvious solutions

Transitioning to the Prototype Phase

The Ideate phase concludes by preparing selected ideas for prototyping. This transition is critical for maintaining momentum in the design thinking process:

Document Key Ideas

Capture detailed descriptions of selected ideas, including their core value proposition, target users, and how they address the original problem statement.

Define Prototype Scope

Determine what aspects of each idea need to be prototyped first to test critical assumptions and learn the most from user feedback.

Create Prototype Plans

Develop specific plans for how each selected idea will be prototyped, including materials, methods, and level of fidelity needed.

Ideation Success Checklist:

  • Generated a wide range of diverse ideas through effective divergent thinking
  • Documented ideas thoroughly enough for effective prototyping
  • Considered a diverse range of perspectives throughout the process
  • Balanced creative exploration with analytical evaluation
  • Assigned clear responsibilities for moving forward with prototyping

Additional Resources

Books

  • πŸ“š Thinkertoys by Michael Michalko
  • πŸ“š Gamestorming by Dave Gray, Sunni Brown, and James Macanufo
  • πŸ“š Creative Confidence by Tom and David Kelley
  • πŸ“š The Art of Innovation by Tom Kelley

Online Resources

  • 🌐 IDEO Design Kit - Ideation methods and exercises
  • 🌐 Stanford d.school - Ideate mode resources
  • 🌐 MindTools - Decision-making techniques
  • 🌐 Interaction Design Foundation - Ideation techniques

Digital Tools

  • πŸ› οΈ Miro - Digital whiteboard for collaborative ideation
  • πŸ› οΈ Mural - Visual collaboration workspace
  • πŸ› οΈ Stormboard - Digital sticky note system
  • πŸ› οΈ IdeaFlip - Collaborative idea generation